Which Heating and Cooling Systems are Most Common for New Homes?
Based on information from the Census Bureau's Survey of Construction (SOC), 95.4% of new single-family homes started in 2020 had a central air conditioning (AC) system — slightly higher than 95% in 2019 and a steady rise from 85.5% in 2000.
The share of new single-family homes started with central AC differs across the country’s nine Census divisions, however. All homes started in the West South Central, South Atlantic and West North Central divisions had central AC installed, followed by 99% in the East South Central and 96% in the East North Central. New England (83%) and the Pacific (80%) had the lowest shares of homes started with central AC, albeit both shares increased from 2019.
Almost all (99% in 2020) of new single-family homes started use either an air or ground source heat pump or a forced air system for the primary heating equipment. The share using an air or ground source heat pump has increased from 23% in 2000 to 38% in 2020. Meanwhile, the share relying on a forced air system has slipped from 71% to 59% over the same time frame.
The type of heating system installed varies significantly by Census division. Air or ground heat pumps are more common in warmer regions of the country, such as East South Central (77%), South Atlantic (75%), and West South Central (20%). Very few homes in colder regions have air or ground heat pumps because air source heat pumps (traditionally the most common type) become less efficient and rely more heavily on a back-up heating system during the winter.
The SOC also provides data on the primary fuel used to heat new single-family homes. Approximately 50% of new homes started in 2019 use natural gas as the primary heating fuel, compared to 45% powered by electricity. Like heating and AC systems, the primary heating fuel source varies significantly by region of the country, comparable to findings from NAHB's What Home Buyers Really Want, 2021 Edition, on consumer preferences for heat sources.
NAHB Economist Fan-Yu Kuo provides more analysis in this Eye on Housing post.
Latest from NAHBNow
Economics | Advocacy | Membership
May 01, 2026
Podcast: What War and Fed Changes Mean for Housing Market and EconomyOn the latest episode of NAHB’s podcast, Housing Developments, CEO Jim Tobin and COO Paul Lopez are joined by Chief Economist Dr. Robert Dietz to discuss the latest economic news and what it means for housing.
Codes and Standards
May 01, 2026
Rescinded Energy Code Mandate Major Win for NAHB and Housing AffordabilityHUD and the Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced this week that they are rescinding a requirement that imposed the 2021 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) and ASHRAE 90.1-2019 as the minimum energy-efficiency standards for certain single-family and multifamily housing programs.
Latest Economic News
Economics
Apr 30, 2026
U.S. Economy Rebounded in the First Quarter of 2026Real GDP growth accelerated in the first quarter of 2026, rebounding from a weak finish at the end of 2025, as government spending recovered following a disruptive shutdown.
Economics
Apr 29, 2026
Powell’s Chair Ends but He Keeps His Board SeatThe April meeting of the Fed’s monetary policy committee featured a lot of institutional news for a month in which the Fed kept monetary policy unchanged. The outlook for the economy and monetary policy remains unclear due to geopolitical turbulence and domestic policy uncertainty.
Economics
Apr 29, 2026
Home Building Shows Signs of Stabilization with Monthly Gain in StartsHousing construction activity strengthened in March, with a notable rebound in both single-family and multifamily starts, signaling improved builder activity despite ongoing headwinds from financing costs and affordability constraints. While the monthly gain points to renewed momentum, year-to-date trends remain mixed, particularly in the single-family sector, and permit activity suggests some caution moving forward.