How to Strengthen Homes Against High Winds

Codes and Standards
Published

Several construction techniques have been shown to improve the resistance of homes to high wind events such as less-severe (EF0-EF2) tornadoes, which are 95% of all tornado events, and intense hurricanes. The Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) tests under controlled wind tunnel conditions, and both IBHS and the Engineered Wood Association (APA) conduct post-storm assessments to collect data on what performs well in these conditions.

Homes built to the International Residential Code® (IRC®) perform well in high-wind events. However, by focusing on additional strategies to strengthen the roof and provide a continuous load path through the structure to the foundation, builders can provide consumers in areas at high risk of tornadoes and intense hurricanes with homes that will perform even better than a code-compliant home, potentially allowing consumers to remain in their home after a severe storm event and reducing repair costs. These strategies begin in the design phase with material selection and come together with attention to detail during construction.

Sealing the Roof

Keeping air from getting underneath the roof components is key to preventing high winds from tearing off the roofing material and possibly causing catastrophic destruction of the home. IBHS looked at homes in Florida after Hurricane Michael and found those with sealed roof decks fared better. Construction techniques contributing to stronger roofs include taping the roof deck seams, using tighter nail spacing to fasten roof decking to trusses and rafters, and properly fastening drip edges and gutters to minimize the ability of the wind to get up underneath roof covering. Details — such as using ring shank nails A and upgrading the underlayment to 30lb felt, or to a self-adhered or synthetic underlayment — can further improve the resistance of homes to high winds and intense rainfall.

Providing a Continuous Load Path

Wind acting on a home subjects it to several types of load:

  • Uplift pressure, which can pull off the roof;
  • Shear loads, which can cause racking (leaning); and
  • Lateral loads, which can cause the home to slide off the foundation, or even overturning the home.

Using wood structural panels or other structural sheathing permitted by the IRC® as wall bracing can provide protection against racking, and anchors against base shear and hold-downs against overturning. Constructing a continuous load path — connections that tie the floor, walls and roof together — can make it harder for high wind forces to tear a home apart. The graphic from IBHS illustrates typical connection points to protect against uplift.

A recent NAHB study showed that consumers' willingness to pay for these hardening strategies depends on their awareness of the risk(s), while the amount they are willing to pay depends on the risk and on household income. For example, consumers with annual household incomes of $50,000 to $100,000 were willing to pay $1,800 (median value) to mitigate risk from tornadoes and $1,000 (median value) to mitigate risk from hurricanes. This information can be used by builders to inform discussions with their clients as appropriate for their geographical areas and markets.

For more information about NAHB's sustainable and green building programs, contact David Faulconer. And to stay current on the high-performance residential building sector, follow NAHB’s Sustainability and Green Building team on Twitter.

Subscribe to NAHBNow

Log in or create account to subscribe to notifications of new posts.

Log in to subscribe

Latest from NAHBNow

Economics | Housing Affordability

Aug 21, 2025

New and Existing Homes Remain Largely Unaffordable in Second Quarter

While new homes remain largely unaffordable, builder efforts to improve housing affordability paid dividends in the second quarter of 2025, according to the latest data from the NAHB/Wells Fargo Cost of Housing Index (CHI). The CHI results from the second quarter of 2025 show that a family earning the nation’s median income of $104,200 needed 36% of its income to cover the mortgage payment on a median-priced new home. Low-income families, defined as those earning only 50% of median income, would have to spend 71% of their earnings to pay for the same new home.

Economics

Aug 20, 2025

Custom Home Building Grows as Broader Housing Market Struggles

An analysis of census data by NAHB economists shows that custom home building grew 4% in the second quarter of 2025 as high interest rates and home prices suppress demand for traditional spec home production.

View all

Latest Economic News

Economics

Aug 21, 2025

Existing Home Sales Rise in July

Existing home sales rebounded in July as mortgage rates retreated from the recent peak and home price growth slowed, according to the National Association of Realtors (NAR).

Economics

Aug 21, 2025

New and Existing Homes Remain Largely Unaffordable in Second Quarter

While new homes remain largely unaffordable, builder efforts to improve housing affordability paid dividends in the second quarter of 2025, according to the latest data from the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)/Wells Fargo Cost of Housing Index (CHI).

Economics

Aug 20, 2025

Retreat for Single-Family Built-for-Rent Housing

Single-family built-for-rent construction fell back in the second quarter, as a higher cost of financing crowded out development activity.