Why a 'Ban' on Single-Family Zoning Could Be a Good Thing
[caption id="attachment_16085" align="alignright" width="300"] Mews Townhouse Units are an example illustrated in a recent NAHB report on how useful housing flexibility can be in providing housing affordability.[/caption]
Recently, the state of Oregon has moved to use the power of policy to influence housing affordability, diversity and flexibility. In what some are calling an effective ban on single-family zoning, the state is requiring that multifamily units be allowed on land previously reserved just for single-family homes.
Oregon H.B. 2001, effective Aug. 8, 2019, mandates that each city with a population greater than or equal to 25,000 allow all middle housing types, and/or a duplex, on each lot or parcel that previously allowed for the development of detached single-family dwellings. This language has led to many sensationalized headlines labeling the move as a ban or elimination of single-family zoning.
Although this policy mandates the allowance of multifamily units on land previously only available for single family, it does not, in fact, outright prohibit single-family zoning or development — one can still build single-family houses in Oregon. In fact, the bill should give builders and developers more flexibility and opportunities to build an expanded range of housing types in the state.
The bill also requires that metropolitan service districts with populations of more than 10,000 and less than 25,000 allow duplexes on sites that were previously available only for single-family units.
Under the Oregon law, middle housing is defined as duplexes, triplexes, quadplexes, cottage clusters and townhouses. NAHB recently released a report, “Diversifying Housing Options with Smaller Lots and Smaller Homes,” that details these “missing middle” housing types, and how the lack of it has exacerbated housing shortages and acted as a barrier to housing affordability.
Eleven case studies from across the United States illustrate how innovative land-use policies that encourage the development of housing, such as Oregon’s legislation, promote greater housing affordability and meet the varied needs of an increasingly diverse home-buying population.
Case studies include:
- Meridian Court: Two single-family lots in Pasadena, Calif., were combined to create a house-scale condominium building comprising 10 townhouse units and improve site density to 26 units per acre.
- Mews Townhouse Units: The flexibility of this type of housing proved useful by turning an awkward lot configuration into a successful, small scale project in South Jordan, Utah, and similarly increased site density while providing two- and three-bedroom townhouses.